Pigments Painters use pigments in oil paints, acrylics, watercolor paints, gouache,
encaustic, poster paints, casein paints and tempera. Sometimes commercial paints
such as oil enamel, epoxy paints and automobile paints are used. Paints are pigments
mixed with a vehicle or binder. Both inorganic and organic pigments are used as
colorants. Dry pigments are especially hazardous because they are easily inhaled and
ingested. They are used in encaustic, paper-marbleizing and in the fabrication of paint
products, and will be discussed more thoroughly in the section below on pastels.
Hazards
1. Poisoning can occur if toxic pigments are inhaled or ingested. The main
hazard in standard painting techniques is accidental ingestion of pigments due to eating,
drinking or smoking while working, inadvertent hand to mouth contact, or pointing the
paint brush with the lips. If methods such as spraying, heating, or sanding are employed
then there is an opportunity for inhalation of toxic pigments.
2. The classic example of a toxic inorganic pigment in painting is white lead, or flake
white (basic lead carbonate). Lead pigments can cause anemia, gastrointestinal
problems, peripheral nerve damage (and brain damage in children), kidney damage and
reproductive system damage. Other inorganic pigments may be hazardous, including
pigments based on cobalt, cadmium, and manganese. (See Table 1)
3. Some of the inorganic pigments, in particular cadmium pigments, chrome yellow and
zinc yellow may cause lung cancer. In addition lamp black and carbon black may contain
impurities that can cause skin cancer.
4. Chromate pigments (chrome yellow and zinc yellow) may cause skin ulceration and
allergic skin reactions (such as rashes).
5. The long-term hazards of the modern synthetic organic pigments have not been well
studied. (See Table 1)
Table 1 - Toxic Pigments Known or Probable Carcinogens/Highly Toxic Pigments
antimony white (antimony trioxide)
barium yellow (barium chromate)
burnt umber or raw umber (iron oxides, manganese silicates or dioxide)
cadmium red or orange (cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide)
cadmium yellow (cadmium sulfide)
cadmium barium colors (cadmium colors and barium sulfate)
cadmium barium yellow (cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, barium sulfate, zinc sulfide)
chrome green (prussian blue, lead chromate)
chrome orange (basic lead carbonate)
chrome yellow (lead chromate)
cobalt violet (cobalt arsenate or cobalt phosphate)
cobalt yellow (potassium cobaltinitrate)
lead or flake white (basic lead carbonate)
lithol red (sodium, barium and calcium salts of soluble azo pigment)
manganese violet (manganese ammonium pyrophosphate)
molybdate orange (lead chromate, lead molybdate, lead sulfate)
naples yellow (lead antimonate)
strontium yellow (strontium chromate)
vermilion (mercuric sulfide)
zinc sulfide zinc yellow (zinc chromate)
Moderately Toxic Pigments/Slightly Toxic Pigments
alizarin crimson (lakes of 1,2-dihydroxyanthaquinone or insoluble anthraquinone pigment)
carbon black (carbon)
cerulean blue (cobalt stannate)
cobalt blue (cobalt stannate)
cobalt green (calcined cobalt, zinc and aluminum oxides)
chromium oxide green (chromic oxide)
manganese blue (barium manganate, barium sulfate)
prussian blue (ferric ferrocyanide)
toluidine red (insoluble azo pigment)
toluidine yellow (insoluble azo pigment)
viridian (hydrated chromic oxide)
zinc white (zinc oxide)
so be safe my fellow artists. work in well ventilated areas.
DO NOT hold your brushes in your mouth.
wash your hands extremely well before eating or drinking after working in your studio.
*deleted and reposted to fix formating error


Comments: 30
It's a very good message your sending out, just please make sure you follow it yourself.
I heart you.
i've had a couple of tox screens run, but i'm sure they weren't looking for these compounds, rather they were for the usual things they look for in everyone. i've got to take the list to the doctor when i go back sometime this week, as i haven't gotten any better from last sunday.
not having insurance, they may not be willing to run these tests though.
as far as reversibility, i have no idea duckie.
MR: I'll answer in blue below in the body of your message.
In a message dated 10/11/2008 4:03:05 AM Eastern Standard Time, a_artrat@hotmail.com writes:
hi, i'm an artist living in florida and have been dealing with trying to find the cause of some neurological problems and was wondering if you could send me any information that you may have regarding some of the following.
pigment - compounds, toxicity, symptoms of poisoning
MR: There are about 300 pigments used in fine art paints. They are in two groups, inorganic and organic.
INORGANIC. The inorganic compounds are based primarily on metal compounds such as lead, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, etc. Art materials are exempt from the consumer paint lead laws, so lead can be in many different colors. Many of the metals in inorganic pigments have neurological effects. We see such symptoms a lot in people who work at home, eat or drink while working, sand their canvases, and do similar processes that result in exposure. We even more commonly see these symptoms in people who use pastels since it is impossible to use pastels without inhaling pigments.
ORGANIC. The other category of pigments are the organic pigments. Almost none of these pigments have ever been studied for long term toxic effects. Worse, many are in chemical classes in which are known to cause cancer and other long term effects in animals. Under the insane laws in this country, "untested" chemicals can be labeled "nontoxic," so you are not likely to be aware of the hazards.
COLOUR INDEX IDENTIFICATION. All artists should know that responsible manufacturers put the Colour Index names on the tubes of paints so artists will know what the actual pigments are. Unfortunately, only a few schools teach painting properly and provide this basic technical information that every professional needs.
If you look at the tubes of paints you commonly use and give me a list of the abbreviations for the Colour Index names, I will look them up for you. An example of what I need would be:
PY37 or PY37:1 This stands for C.I. Pigment Yellow 37 and C.I. Pigment Yellow 37:1 which are two different cadmium yellow chemicals.
You need these numbers since the "truth in labeling" laws do not apply to art materials. The manufacturers can call any paint by any name as long as it looks like that color. So sometimes "Cadmium Yellow" paints don't actually contain any cadmium.
If you buy paints from companies that do not include the Colour Index abbreviations on the tube, you are pretty much on your own and I suggest buying paint from a more responsible manufacturer. If you don't have the Colour Index abbreviations, I can guess from the names of the colors, but we can't be sure what pigment is actually in any individual tube.
SOLVENTS. Even more likely to cause neurological problems are solvents such as turpentine, turpenoids (there are many different ones), paint thinners, Liquin, Gamsol, citrus solvents, and the like. There are no "safe" solvents and they all can cause neurological damage. If people can smell solvents when they walk into your studio, you are breathing, working and/or living in a toxic area.
By the time the neurological damage from solvent-exposure can be seen on medical tests, it is permanent. The symptoms can be treated, but the underlying brain damage persists. The symptoms typically are a combination of motor difficulties, short term memory loss, and clinical depression.
This is a well-known disease seen in about 1/2 of retired union industrial painters and other solvent-exposed workers. While art painters as a group have never been studied for this disease, the same solvents are used by both industrial and art painters and I know of a number of diagnosed cases in art painters.
If you are having these kinds of symptoms, you need to get a referral to a physician who is Board Certified in Occupational Medicine. Your regular doctor will be clueless.
i work mainly in oils, but sometimes work in watercolor and pastel.
MR: The same pigments are in all three. They are in all archival art materials including colored pencils.
I hope this explains things. Get back to me with the Colour Index abbreviations if you need a run down on the various pigments.
Monona Rossol, M.S., M.F.A.,
industrial hygienist
Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc.
and
Safety Officer,
United Scenic Artist's, Local USA829
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes (IATSE)
181 Thompson St., #23
New York NY 10012-2586 212/777-0062
artscraftstheatersafety.org
Thank you for posting to this group whose only purpose is to thank you for posting to this group.
I imagine it's worse when it's a growing child too. What should I do?
and make sure she washes her hands really well before eating anything after painting.
please pass this on to any artist that you may know.
This is going to be FEATURED in Artistic Therapy this weekend.
Blessings ~
Rene
*shakes head* It seems nothing is really safe anymore.
Perhaps we should work in the timeless medium of crayon instead.
Warning - she can be overwhelming with information at times!
Scary stuff. Good warning.