"STATE SECRETS" SHIELD CIA FROM TORTURE ALLEGATIONS
A federal appeals court ruled last week that the overriding need to protect "state secrets" makes it impossible to litigate claims by a German citizen named Khaled el-Masri that he was illegally detained and abused by the Central Intelligence Agency in a case of "extraordinary rendition." The appeals court upheld a lower court's earlier dismissal of the proceeding.
In a March 2 decision, the court rehearsed the allegations at issue as well as the relevant case law on the state secrets privilege.
El-Masri would not be able to make his case, the court concluded, except by using "[privileged] evidence that exposes how the CIA organizes, staffs, and supervises its most sensitive intelligence operations."
Similarly, said the court, the CIA could not defend itself against the allegations "without using privileged evidence."
"The main avenues of defense available [to CIA] in this matter are to show that El-Masri was not subject to the treatment that he alleges; that, if he was subject to such treatment, the defendants were not involved in it; or that, if they were involved, the nature of their involvement does not give rise to liability. Any of those three showings would require disclosure of information regarding the means and methods by which the CIA gathers intelligence."
The court rejected the contention by the defense that by yielding to the government's state secrets claims, the judiciary had abdicated jurisdiction over a case of egregious governmental abuse.
"Contrary to El-Masri's assertion, the state secrets doctrine does not represent a surrender of judicial control over access to the courts," the court said.
"As we have explained, it is the court, not the Executive, that determines whether the state secrets privilege has been properly invoked. In order to successfully claim the state secrets privilege, the Executive must satisfy the court that disclosure of the information sought to be protected would expose matters that, in the interest of national security, ought to remain secret," the court ruling stated.
http://www.fas.org/sgp/jud/statesec/elmasri030207.pdf
"Today the appeals court gave the CIA complete immunity for even its most shameful conduct," said ACLU attorney Ben Wizner, who represented El-Masri. "Depriving Khaled El-Masri of his day in court on the ground that the government cannot disclose facts that the whole world already knows only compounds the brutal treatment he endured."
http://www.aclu.org/safefree/torture/rendition.html
Under current legal conditions, there is no disincentive for the government to invoke the state secrets privilege, which often terminates litigation in its favor. But a pending bill introduced by Rep. Henry Waxman and several House colleagues would change that calculation in the case of whistleblower lawsuits.
Under the provisions of the Whistleblower Protection Act of 2007, "the court shall resolve the disputed issue of fact or law in favor of the plaintiff," if the government's use of the state secrets privilege prevents the plaintiff from making his case and there is independent support for his argument from an Inspector General investigation.
And whenever the state secrets privilege is asserted, the bill would also require the agency head to submit a report to Congress "describing the reasons for the assertion, explaining why the court hearing the matter does not have the ability to maintain the protection of classified information related to the assertion," and providing other relevant information. See section 10 of HR 985:
http://www.fas.org/sgp/congress/2007/hr985.html
Republished from the Secrecy News blog at http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy, a project of the Federation of American Scientists. Discuss the social, security and political implications of science and technology at the Science Policy group on Gather, at FAS.gather.com


Comments: 10
The issue here isn't about the size of the democrat's cajones, and to me it's not about El Masri (per se), it is about any person walking down main street USA or main street Asuncion or Damascus or (you get the idea)… and essentially being kidnapped off the streets by government agents, ours, the Azerbaijanis', the Syrians, the Russians again you get the drift…and being held incommunicado and with out any legal recourse. I think the British or was it the French (or both of them)? that kidnapped American citizens at sea that lead to the War of 1812.
The author provided several links to further elucidate the situation. The first link is to the published opinion of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, written by Judge King. Two key pieces of information are contained in this document.
First, on page 7, it states: "In El-Masri's view, two additions to the body of public information on these topics are especially significant in this appeal. First, on June 7, 2006, the Council of Europe released a draft report on alleged United States renditions and detentions involving the Council's member countries. This report concluded that El-Masri's account of his rendition and confinement was substantially accurate. Second, on September 6, 2006, in a White House address, President Bush publicly disclosed the existence of a CIA program in which suspected terrorists are detained and interrogated at locations outside the United States. The President declined, however, to reveal any of this CIA program's operational details, including the locations or other circumstances of its detainees' confinement."
Clearly, the Council of Europe confirmed El-Masri's account of his confinement, indicating that his human rights, as well as his civil rights, were violated (he had "not only been held against his will, but had also been mistreated in a number of other ways during his detention, including being beaten, drugged, bound, and blindfolded during transport; confined in a small, unsanitary cell; interrogated several times; and consistently prevented from communicating with anyone outside the detention facility, including his family or the German government.").
Also, President Bush publicly disclosed the existence of a CIA program of the type El-Masri describes. Whether or not Bush provided operational details, the program itself was not a "secret".
Second, on page 8, it states: "Under the state secrets doctrine, the United States may prevent the disclosure of information in a judicial proceeding if "there is a reasonable danger" that such disclosure "will expose military matters which, in the interest of national security, should not be divulged." United States v. Reynolds, 345 U.S. 1, 10 (1953). Reynolds, the Supreme Court's leading decision on the state secrets privilege, established the doctrine in its modern form.".
I'm not an attorney, but it seems to me that part of the explanation for why agencies get away with egregious violations of civil rights is that the courts are using the standard "a reasonable danger" (that such disclosure "will expose military matters which, in the interest of national security, should not be divulged). The term "reasonable" is subject to broad interpretation. The defendant (the agency) could claim that their case rested upon state "secrets" without ever divulging what the secrets were (all related information would be privileged). Since only those directly involved in the "secret activities" can know whether this is true or not, the case would have to be dismissed, by default, not by a preponderance of evidence against the plaintiff. The justification for this is that National Security takes precedence over the rights of the individual.
SEC. 10. NATIONAL SECURITY WHISTLEBLOWER RIGHTS of the bill (H. R. 985), introduced by Rep. Henry Waxman (and colleagues), would level the playing field a bit by requiring the agency head to submit a report to Congress "describing the reason" for the state secrets privilege assertion. This approach is less subjective than allowing the courts to determine what constitutes a "reasonable danger" of exposing state secrets. We would all be better off if this bill was enacted.
What happened to Mr. El-Masri has nothing to do with terrorism or war. It is about human rights - and whether Americans will retain the rights guaranteed to them under the Constitution - or have them revoked.
Allowing any government agency to violate our civil rights does not make us "safer" from terrorism (or anything else). In fact, we are less safe because, if we can be deprived of our right to due process, we have no freedom at all. And, without freedom, what would life be? Our rights and our freedom are worth fighting for.
Once upon a time, this nation was founded on the principle that the state should not be allowed to trample on individual rights. This kind of freedom seems to make some people uncomfortable. The uncomfortable people can often be identified as their thinking is drenched in stereotypes and paranoia. Typically, they accuse anybody with dissenting viewpoints about the direction the nation should take of high treason - lacking any evidence to that end is no hindrance to the paranoid. As the paranoia increases, the ordinary requirement to adhere to the factual record flies out the window.