Well, as long as we're on the subject of "religion bashing" and "science worshipping," let's look into this very controversial subject that has been the subject of the "clash" between "reason" and "religion."
First: I want to start by saying that this article will not follow any of the previous sides but will attempt to present a true "middle ground" that is more in line with reason than either of the sides as presented in the courts and in the literature -- as far as I am aware.
I became interested when I watched part of a program on PBS about the Massachucetts trial on the subject. I went to the internet site of PBS and obtained the transcript, read it and then ordered two books from opposing sides as presented at the trial. One of these books is OF PANDAS AND PEOPLE; the other is DARWIN'S BLACK BOX by Michael Behe of the Lehigh University Department of Biological Sciences. After studying this latter book by Dr. Behe I became more informed of what Darwin's theory is and what it is not. I was also impressed with Dr. Behe's "take" on the issue.
But I came away from these considerations with my own "take" on the subject that I think is something I have not heard proposed before or after, not that no one has even thought about it. And for the first time, I will put down on paper (here the computer screen) my suggestion for an alternate theory regarding this issue that while seeming like a compromise for intellectual "political" purposes is actually a proposal that I think is more accurate to the fundamental truth of this issue.
Specifically, I propose that both sides of this as presented (i.e. Creationism vs Intelligent Design) are right and wrong at the same time. And I will show how and why with specifics, starting by examing each in turn, first Creationism.
CREATIONISM is generally thought of as being the literal interpretation of the story of creation as told in the Bible. I think that this is an accurate assessment. But I also think that those who use the Biblical account as the basis misuse the Bible account and misinterpret it according to their own predilections. For instance, I am amazed that a written account of our "creation" exists that is so "knowlegeable" with regard to certain aspects of reality without any rational way of knowing this information. In Genesis of the O.T. it says that we were created from the "dust of the earth. That is, "God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became aliving soul." (Genesis 2:7). When I was a child and was told this I imagined God kneeling on the ground and molding a clay shape out of mud and then bending over to "breath" into that clay figure a "breath of life." Yet today I wonder that an ancient account can understand that our bodies are composed of the same minerals and chemical constituents as the "dust of the ground." But even if God knew in advance the terms for those minerals (iron, potassium, sodium, etc.) it could not be put into a message intended for a communications recipient having no such terms of conceptual basis for such terms. If done, the recipient would have totally ignored the basic message as "nonsense." And quite rightly so in view of the communicattee's limitations. But then, God is by definition, "not stupid." That is, the story of the Bible in genesis is a "the stork brought the baby" explanation of "the baby came from mommie's tummy" because "daddy started it there." Yet I think that many people who consider themselves very "religious" and feel threatened in their sense of personal security by anything other than a blind literal repetition of the account without any rational adjustment for the realities of how and to whom it was recounted, are "shooting themselves in the foot" by fanatical insistance on an explanation that does not fit with their own limited understanding.
INTELLIGENT DESIGN, which is often used to back their intransigent position is (as presented by Behe in his book, I think) a very excellent presentation with many excellent points. Yet there are problems associated with it that I think need modification which will show that it is not complete in and of itself. For one thing, our tendency is to consider "intelligent" as pertaining to the electrical/chemical workings of a physical brain mechanism. After all, we "think" and we do this with our "brain" as our current paradigm about reality assumes. Thus, "intelligent" implies a brain involved. Also, the word "design" tends to invoke in our minds -- at least subconsciously from day to day experience -- the image of someone at a drafting board with a small computer, a compass, pencils, paper, etc. slaving away to come up with a conscious "design" of something that will be produced in a factory somewhere. It is an unrealistic view of something that bears only a fundamental relationship that is not apparent. This is not, of course, what Behe is suggesting. It is only what I think many detractors imagine that is going on when one makes such a proposal. It is also the unfortunate but natural tendency to associate abstract ideas with non-abstract realities (according to Hume, we cannot conceive of anything that we cannot visualize in concrete terms, or something to that effect).
My proposal theory (until proven by experiment or subsequent reliable data to be otherwise or as such but refined or amended) is as follows: 1) "Intelligent" is not quite the right word to use in this case, at least semantically. I would prefer "knowledgably directed". 2) "Design" is also not quite the right word, either. I would prefer, "formulating process" or something else to that same effect. 3) A natural phenomenon exists (not necessarily as a material entity but as a lawful process related to the material continuum, an as yet undiscovered "law of physics" so to speak) which knowlegeably directs every aspect of the our visible and invisible natural universe. The fact that we call this phenomenon Source or Originator "God" is simply a semantic convenience and carry over from our less sophisticated days. It is just as valid a term or invalid a term as any other, since no term can capture the whole of IT. 4) The "formulating process" of tranlating into "reality" the "knowledgably directed" impulse is a process of gradual development "from scratch" of the "finished product." We call this, as we have so far observed it, "evolution." 5) The "finished product" is only "finished" with respect to the state of the environment within which is placed by the "formulating process." 6) The "knowledgable direction" that caused the "formulating process" in the first place is not a one time event but a continuing process in Itself. So that the "design" or "formulating process" is itself not a one time event but a continuous one outside of the dimension of "time" and it's limitations. This is what, again, we observe in what we call "evolution." 7) Evolution as currently understood is a limited view which is based on certain apparently reasonable considerations that seem apparent only because of the lack of enough sophistication and extending of our knowledge base. 8) Man, for instance, is not descended from a branch of apes. That is an unproven -- if reasonable assumption in the view of many -- "probably guess" only. A bone here, part of a bone there, and all of a sudden we have a whole theory that wants to act like a proven fact. Even the current predominant theory of man generating as a single event or series of subsequent events at a single place is now being brought into serious doubt. We may (and indeed all life) have occurred in different locations simultaneously but in the same basic form with identical DNA profiles. In this case I suggest that "looks are deceiving." Our similar DNA profile to the great apes or our general appearance is enticingly deceiving at best. We really don't know that much about the DNA place in this process and only think that we do because of the popular media coverage. 9) All of this tends to substantiate or be substantiated by Dr. Rupert Sheldrake's very astute and learned (but highly contested by the "establishment") HYPOTHESIS OF FORMATIVE CAUSATION theory as presented in his book THE HYPOTHESIS OF FORMATIVE CAUSATION (A NEW SCIENCE OF LIFE book).
I suggest you think about this, and I welcome your comments.
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by
Donald Hawley
Member since:
September 24, 2006 Creationism vs Intelligent Design, the Sublime and the Ridiculous
July 03, 2008 03:49 PM EDT
(Updated: July 11, 2008 07:14 PM EDT)
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Comments: 36
And incidentally, many years ago at the University of Illinois Biological Computer Center, a Dr. Von Forester proved mathematically -- based on probabilities and the number of possible combinations of the elements of the human brain -- that the human brain (based also on the known number of humans who have ever lived) could almost certainly not have been formed by "accident." He never went on to say what the other alternative for that conclusion is. But that is precisely what I have done in this article.
My objection to the current discussion of intelligent design is that it is a poorly disguised attempt to undermine the current basis of scientific inquiry and inject pseudo-scientific support for the proponent's preferred "creation myth'
It is an incredible, unsupportable 'leap of faith" to go from an impersonal "intelligent designer" to the "god of abraham". It is this bias and intention that will prevent ID from getting a fair hearing outside of the courtroom.
When we offer up "god' as a "causinator" we can not resist imbueing it with human characteristics and desires. Presented as an academic alternative for primary causation, why does it follow that such an entity has needs, desires and wants that somehow it is unable or unwilling to provide for itself?
Is this not the basis of most religion? To discern the needs and wants of the divinity object and attempt to meet them?
My personal feeling, opinion and philosophy says that maybe we just don't understand all of it just yet! Each side of this argument, even your proposed middle ground, is in reality just playing with words, describing imperfect knowledge of the truth or reality.
To me, much of this kind of discussion is almost like we used to say in college: Intellectual "game playing!" The arguments could go on forever, without really solving anything or getting the "right" answers! Isn't all metaphysics like that, anyway?
Donald, I thank you for your deep thoughts and attempts at intellectual discussions, but can't we make our cases / discussions / arguments a bit more concisely?
If science could just move along A LOT faster ...
I know I am treading into a very deep "closet" of "let's think about this"s, but then, so are astrophysicists in probing for answers to the question about where our universe came from and why. And I think my propositions are much more reasonable and in line with what we -- as "intelligent creatures" -- have suspected and "felt" was an answer since our minds began this search for our origins.
"The "knowledgable direction" that caused the "formulating process" in the first place is not a one time event but a continuing process in Itself. So that the "design" or "formulating process" is itself not a one time event but a continuous one outside of the dimension of "time" and it's limitations. This is what, again, we observe in what we call "evolution."
You describe here evolution as a continuous formulating process. Are you saying organisms are evolving into new genera or are you referring to natural selection?
Whether organisms develop into new genera or simply get replaced by new genera that is more suitable to radical changes in the environment, is not part of my proposal. But the process of natural selection is indeed an integral part of the "design" itself. We (and all life) is a "design in progress."
What is meant by adaptive genes? Are these "adaptive" genes genetic information that already exist that survive through the process of natural selection or do you believe this is new genetic information?
You mention "... a Dr. Von Forester proved mathematically -- based on probabilities and the number of possible combinations of the elements of the human brain -- that the human brain (based also on the known number of humans who have ever lived) could almost certainly not have been formed by "accident."" Actually, a Dr. Von Forester could prove no such thing. Probabilities are merely statistics. He may have proved that the random combinations of elements would lead to a low probability of them resulted in the complexity of the human brain, but low probability doesn't mean it didn't happen. Think about it this way - a one time in a million probability is almost sure to happen if you have several hundred million chances. The probability of you shooting a basket from the opposite end of the court blind folded is low but if you do it a million times you have a good chance of it actually happening. Furthermore, to suggest that because "the human brain is complicated" doesn't somehow mean scientifically that there was "design." Again, that belief is religion, not science.
The final statement in your 10:04 pm comment exemplifies this: "But the process of natural selection is indeed an integral part of the "design" itself. We (and all life) is a "design in progress." Science would require this hypothesis to be testable; it is not. Therefore, this is not science, it is religion.
To be clear, I'm not questioning anyones religious beliefs, but religous beliefs are religion, not science. The two cannot be conflated.
I have never believed that the Bible and evolution were mutually exclusive. Donald I really like the analogy you use "That is, the story of the Bible in genesis is a "the stork brought the baby" explanation of "the baby came from mommie's tummy" because "daddy started it there." because I could not agree with you more. Anyone who is familiar with the Jewish religion knows something about the Talmud which is basically commentaries written by Rabbi's to explain G-D's laws and things in the Bible. Just as a parent explains something to a child in a different way then he/she would explain to another grown up, G-D gave us the Bible in a way that our (comparitively speaking) limited intelligence could understand. Let me take a fairly easy case to explain what I mean. G-D made in world in six days. Were these six twenty-four hour days or six million year days? The "day" is a human construct we use to messure time. I can't speak for G-D, but I doubt that He needs the use of them.
I also agree with you about evolving to meet changes in environment. Just as humans have evolved socially because of advances in technology, they also must evolve (albeit much more slowly) to the challenges of our environment. All creatures do or they will perish. Thank you for the thought provoking article Donald. Also thank you for responding to people who did not agree with you in an intelligent and mature fashion. I really respect that!
There are lots of things that the public and even the professions themselves believe that are on very swampy ground made to look like concrete. Problem is, still be careful where you step. And just as the Rabbi's explain some more complicated ideas in more palatable terms for the "less sophisticated" so does God. God is no dummy.
The reason I ask what you mean by adaptive genes is that natural selection and the theory of evolution that says organisms form new genera over time are not even closely related. There is a big difference between the observable changes within a genera and attempts by darwinists to extrapolate this as evidence for molecules to man evolution. Natural selection causes a reduction of genetic information withing a genera. Because of adaptation to the environment and survival of the fittest the gene pool of a genera becomes smaller. The genetic information for "undesirable" traits is lost. Even a serious study of mutations reveals that mutants are caused by a loss of genetic information. In order for a new genera to appear there has to be new genetic information. The gain of genetic information within a genera has never been observed naturally. Genetic modification to add a new information happens only by human intervention. Many darwinsts like to point to natural selection as evidence for molecules to man evolution. This is what I call bait-and-switch. Darwinsts seem to "feel threatened in their sense of personal security by anything other than a blind literal repetition of the" observable evidence of natural selection " without any rational adjustment for the realities of how" mutations are formed and what is required for a new genera to come into existence.
So what I am suggesting to you here and now is that while your view is currently the predominant view, there are other views appearing on the horizon of science itself which tend to support the position I am taking. It is possibly a case of the knowledge base expanding and adapting to new discoveries.
That universe contains the infinities of polar oppositions in two potentials, positive (+) and negative (-) ... they are interconnected with a neutral Spiritual energy that is the karmic intelligence of the totality, the agent of God and symbolized as (=) completing a Trinity of (+=-) which is the BET [Basic Equation of Truth] as the universal (+=-).
( ) Universe
(+) God
(-) Creation
(=) Connective Spirit of God
(+=-) the Total package of Balance and overall harmony.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
(+/-) World Dualism
( ) World as related to second order as in (God)/(World) [world under and thus less than God]
(+) Positive Potential related to whatever, people, things, acts, etc.
(-) Negative Potential related to whatever, people, things, acts, etc.
(/) The divisional Gap or Void that separates differences in a world where Spirit is not related to as the (=) in Trinity above. (/) is all about misunderstanding, fear, hatred, and often conflicts, power and control between differences.
These are the BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS of REALITY ...
(+=-) a True Spiritual Reality.
(+/-) a Lesser World Reality
To know the differences and the relationships of the preceding above, is all one really needs to know about the entire subject involved with :
Allegory, Apologue, Analogy, Answer, Aphorism, Axiom, Antimony, Concept, Epistemology, Falsehood, Hermeneutics, Law, Metaphor, Metaphysics, Maxim, Ontology, Philosophy, Principle, Proverb, Question, Rhetoric, Sophistry, Simile, Theorem, Truth, ... etc.
All one needs to know is the KISS ... Keep It Simple Stupid ... principle, and everything else will fall into place and become known as needed INtuitively ... IMnsHO.
I DO appreciate the "corrections" ... and as you say, IF we were at "odds" is would be a dualistic thing (+/-) ... but we ARE Spiritually cooperating, thus it is a Trinity thing (+=-) !
ANTIMONY ... I couldn't, I still goofed ... ANTINOMY ... finally, I'd better stop while I'm ahead.
ANTINOMY ANTINOMY ANTINOMY ANTINOMY ANTINOMY ANTINOMY
but I know how to copy and paste though :-)
spiritually.