How Hard Is it to Get Others to Laugh?

All Jokes Come Down to One of Four Themes
Anywhere in the world, all jokes can be reduced to just one of four themes, according to Dr. Richard Wiseman, a British scientist who's been conducting mass participation experiments about what we think is funny. * (See below)

What's the Funniest Animal?
Wiseman also found that if you insert different animal names into the same joke, one animal evokes more laughter than any others. Guess which animal? ** * (See below)

Well, how hard is it to get others to laugh?
Mysteriously difficult, according to scientists, and many professional comedians. In fact, it is easier to get others to cry or smile than to laugh. While you need to evoke a response in only one part of the brain for the first two, you must stimulate a more complex "laughter circuit" involving many more parts of the brain for laughter to happen.

Several researchers, including John Allen Paulos, author of _Mathematics and Humor_ discovered that when we attempt to understand puns, we process them in left side of the brain. Yet more complex, non-wordplay jokes are sent to the right side of the brain to comprehend, triggering many more parts of the brain along the way.

Researchers, Wendy Wapner, Suzanne Hamby and Howard Gardner, in a 1981 paper, entitled "Brain and Language", described the left side of the brain as a "highly efficient, narrowly programmed linguistic computer. In contrast, the right hemisphere of the brain constitutes a suitable audience for a humorous silent film." Perhaps that's why comedians often use their body and props to silently act out a part of their story – to activate more parts of your mind.

4. What Makes You Laugh?
What makes us laugh? Here's three clues from the researchers: incongruity, superiority and the pattern of three.

Incongruity
A joke: "I went to my doctor for shingles. He sold me aluminum siding."
When we see or hear something incongruous, we are surprised into laughter, often as a sort of relief. This may be a primitive response for alerting your community in ancient times that an apparent danger, is, in fact, nothing to fear. V.S. Ramachandran, in "Phantoms in the Brain", wrote, "The main purpose of laughter might be to allow the individual to alert others in the social group that the detected anomaly is nothing to worry about."

Superiority
Those who tell us funny stories about their own foibles - or those of others - help listeners feel momentarily superior to the jokester or to the people who've been made the butt of the joke.

The Pattern of Three
Joke: "My favorite books are 'Moby-Dick,' 'Great Expectations,' and 'Rock Hard Abs in 30 days.'"

Comedians have long believed that jokes work best in a pattern of three parts. Offer two straightforward examples, then a third one to shatter the pattern.

Wiseman, that scientist we mentioned at the top of the column, is a professor at the University of Hertfordshire and the director of its Perrott-Warrick Research Unit. He is probably Britain's most well-known psychologist – at least since last year when he took his humor research to the world via the Internet.

His mass-participation experiments cover emotions, from lying to laughter. For example, he asked participants to detect who was lying after being exposed to accounts offered on television, the radio or in print.* * *

In the Fall of 2002, Wiseman decided to learn about global differences in humor and opened a web site (LaughLab.co.us). The server for the site broke down when Wiseman got three million hits in the first five days after the site opened.

Among other studies, he asked visitors to contribute their favorite jokes and rather others' jokes, on a 1 – 5 rating scale. He's received over 40,000 jokes. About two-thirds of the submissions are so off-color, violent or otherwise offensive that he chooses not to post them for site visitors.

With Wiseman's permission, here's a description of one of the mass participation experiments. Wiseman and his colleagues asked people who took part in LaughLab to answer questions that involve making various estimates, such as: "How many words are there on one page of a typical paperback novel?

A) Under 500
B) 500 - 600
C) 600 - 700
D) 700 - 800
E) Over 800"

They found that people who are good at this type of question (the correct answer is under 500) "tend to have good frontal lobe activation. Those who had wildly inaccurate estimates have very bad flexible-thinking skills."

People who answered this question correctly tended to prefer more complex jokes, such as, 'A scientist and a philosopher were being chased by a hungry lion. The scientist made some quick calculations, he said 'its no good trying to outrun it, its catching up'. The philosopher kept a little ahead and replied "'I am not trying to outrun the lion, I am trying to out run you! '"

"'People whose answers were way off, often liked simple jokes such as, 'What's pink and fluffy? Pink fluff."" or " 'Which day of the week do fish hate? Fry-Day.'"

~ ~ ~ ~
* Almost all jokes, according to Wiseman's research, seem to involve one of these four themes:
• 1. "Someone trying to look clever and taking a pratfall."
• 2. Husbands and wives not being loving.
• 3. Doctors being insensitive about imminent death
• 4. God making a mistake"

But what about the lawyer jokes? Are there other joke themes you know, that don't seem to fit into one of these four themes? Please send me your email of a joke theme that is different than one of these four and an example. Also, please send me one of your favorite jokes. As usual, I love to hear your ideas, and may use them in the follow-up ezine on humor, for February, 2003. Please send them to me by January 10th.

* * A duck

* * * Of those options, people are most likely to detect lying they hear on the radio.